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Introduction: The number of internet users in 2018 was 4.021 billion, increased 7 percent year-on-year. More than nine-tenths of Indian teens use Internet. Due to social distancing norms put forward due to COVID-19 dependency and availability of Internet usage has increased. Objective: To assess the extent of Internet addiction and determine its predictors among college students of Surat city. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from March-September 2021 among 400 first- and second-year students selected by systematic random sampling from four colleges selected purposively. Outcome variables were Young's Internet addiction Test and Duke Health Profile Score which were assessed in terms of mean score. Univariate analysis was done, followed by t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation to establish associations. Predictors were determined by Binary Logistic Regression. Results: Around one-tenth (12.8%) participants were seen with no Internet addiction, with majority being mild (44.8%) and moderately (36.5%) addicted. Severe addiction was seen in around one out of twenty participants (6.1%). Social networking (32%) and education (34.5%) were the major reasons for use of Internet. Higher pocket money (aOR=4.3), greater monthly internet expenditure (aOR=2.8), ownership of internet enabled mobile phone (aOR=3.9), lying down posture while accessing internet (aOR=4.8) and evening (aOR=2.2) or night time (aOR=8.7) of internet access were significant predictors for Internet addicts. Conclusion: In this study more than four fifth of the college students had Internet Addiction even at young age. Physical, Mental, Social and General health were significantly negatively correlated with internet addiction.
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Background: The objective of the study was to effect of steroids in the long term outcome of esophageal benign stricture after endoscopic balloon dilation in terms of recurrence.Methods: With purposive sampling, 50 cases were taken in these studies who were admitted with strictures at any location along the esophagus and of any size at New Civil Hospital, Surat. The indoor patients for a three year period were retrieved using a prepared case sheet proforma on the basis of the patient’s demographic profile and clinical findings. Patients had undergone endoscopic balloon dilation for esophageal benign stricture. In 25 patients endoscopic dilation was followed by submucosal injection of long-acting steroid triamcinolone and the remaining 25 patients were taken as a control.Results: All patients have normal dietary intake including solid food at the time of discharge. All patients under study were regularly followed quarterly. Overall stricture recurrence can be reduced by intralesional triamcinolone injection providing stricture length <6 cm. Stricture >6 cm required a repeated procedure or other treatment modalities, In study group duration between endoscopic dilatation sessions fell significantly over a post dilatation period of 3 to 12 months.Conclusions: In addition to endoscopic dilatation, intralesional trimicinolone injection is safe, effective and significantly decrease stricture rate and decrease endoscopic dilatation sessions.
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Introduction: TB is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV positive people. HIV-TB co-infection is a fatal combination with higher death rates in developing countries. In cured TB cases in HIV positive people, chances of recurrent also high. ART prevents the progression of HIV, reduces the chances of another opportunistic infection that could make management of care more complicated, and reduces the chances of TB recurring. Objectives: To document the profile of HIV positive TB patients availing both Anti-Retroviral (ART) and Anti Koch's Treatment (AKT) at a tertiary care hospital. Method: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using available records of 198 HIV positive TB patients enrolled at an ART Centre of South Gujarat from November 2016 to November 2017. Age at enrollment at ART Centre, sex, native place, ART status, CD4 count were recorded along with detection, category, previous history and treatment of TB. Test of significance (t test) was applied to analyze the difference between CD4 count before and after treatment with AKT. Results: Mean age of male (n=123) and female (n=75) patients at the time of HIV detection was mean 37.62 (SD±11.61) years and mean 34.05 (SD±8.85) years respectively. Majority (86.87 %) were migrants from states other than Gujarat, of which 31.31% were from Maharashtra. Among them, 66% patients were on CAT-I AKT and 10.6% had previous history of TB. Among 56.1% patients who had extra-pulmonary TB, common were abdominal TB (47.75%), lymphadenopathy (18.02%) and pleural effusion (16.22%). While 32% of patients had completed their AKT regimen, 68% were on AKT. Among those were missed out (8.6%) and lost to follow up (3.5%) from ART, almost half (41.67%) had been initiated under CAT-II AKT. Mean CD4 count for 84 patients who completed their AKT was increase, this was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: Majority of patients were migrants and extra pulmonary TB was more common in this study group. Mean CD4 count increased significantly after completion of AKT. Prompt treatment and preventing loss to follow up are key to successful treatment completion and cure.
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Introduction :Counselors in STI clinic have roles of educating and counseling for clients of STI clinic. They can help in prevention of STI by their counseling services among attendees of STI clinic. Current study was done to assess pre defined micro- macro counseling skills and knowledge practice gap among counselors working with STI project of city. Method: Total 25 counselors working at STI clinics of Urban Health Centers were observed and interviewed for their skill assessment. To assess counseling skills, counselors were observed in a session of counseling with real STI patient. Counseling was rated based on the performance of skill ranges from Worst, Very Poor, Poor, Average, Good and Excellent. Counselor then interviewed to assess their knowledge. Result:Majority of the counselors had average and good rate for micro and macro component of counseling. Wide gap of knowledge and practice was noted for use of Information Education and Communication tool and risk assessment. All counselors could mention risk group population for STI/HIV, but only 60% practiced risk assessment in a new diagnosed case of STI. All counselors were able to describe condom as component of STI prevention but 76% actually talked regarding condom in counseling session. Around 92 % of the counselors could introduce investigator's presence during the session to the client. Conclusion:There is definite knowledge practice gap among counselors of the urban project. Counselors were having satisfactory micro – macro skills for counseling, but core component of STI like risk assessment and condom promotion were lacking in practice
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Over 8 lakh deaths occur every year due to diseases associated with tobacco use in India. The cancer registry data reveals that 48% of cancers in males and 20% in females are tobacco related and are totally avoidable. The present study evaluated socio demographic profile of diamond cutting and polishing workers of Surat city. Additively, the prevalence of various forms of tobacco use and factors related with it in diamond cutting and polishing workers was also studied. The present study was a cross sectional study of 295 diamond cutting and polishing workers selected randomly from different diamond units and interviewed with pre designed and pre tested semi st ructured questionnaire. Data on socio demographic characteristics, various forms of tobacco use and its related factors was collected and analysed with MS Excel and Epi info7. It was seen that the mean age of diamond workers was 29.51±9.02. About 71.2 % workers had history of tobacco use in different forms, from them, 68.1 % were currently consuming tobacco and 3.1 % had already quit their habit. Mean age of starting tobacco was 21.44±6.35 among current users. Mawa-masala (79.6%), khainee (22.39%) and Gutkha (4.48%) were preferred forms of smokeless tobacco among current-users. Smoking form of tobacco was used by 11.4 % of current user, out of which 9.4 % were bidi smokers and 2 % were cigarette smokers. Most common reason for tobacco initiation was peer pressure (74.13%), followed by psychological stress (47.76%). It was concluded that the prevalence of tobacco use among diamond workers is very high compared to that in general population. Preventive strategies are warranted to reduce the future burden of tobacco-related morbidity among these workers.
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Background: Inguinal hernia block is cost effective, but fear of intra-operative pain may hinder its widespread use. It is unknown whether hyaluronidase along with local anesthetic agent provides good analgesia for hernia block. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of hyaluronidase along with local anesthetic agents for inguinal hernia block in patients undergoing inguinal hernioplasty. Methods: 50 patients ASA grade I and II, age above 18 years, undergoing inguinal hernioplasty were randomized into two groups. Group A received inguinal hernia block with local anesthetic agents without hyaluronidase and Group B received inguinal hernia block with hyaluronidase and local anesthetic agents. Both groups received premedication 10 minutes before induction in the form of inj. Fentanyl, Midazolam, Ranitidine and Ondansetron Results: In Group B, out of 25 patients only 4 patients required intraoperative analgesia while in group A 16 patients required intraoperative analgesia. Post operative pain was assessed for 24 hours using the pain rating scale. The mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group B (16.16±6.8780 hrs) compared to group A (7.32±2.5285 hrs); pain score was compared between the two groups. Group B had lower pain scores than group A which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: It concludes that hyaluronidase with local anesthetic agent for inguinal hernia block provides excellent intraoperative analgesia and also prolongs the post operative analgesia.
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Background: Drug utilization studies are powerful exploratory tools to ascertain the role of drugs in society. They create a sound sociomedical and health economic basis for healthcare decision making. The study was aimed to find out the changing pattern of prescribing the antidiabetic agents in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. Methods: It was a cross sectional study done on 200 patients suffering from type 1 and 2diabetes. Indoor patients and diabetes mellitus due to secondary cause were excluded. Each patient was followed up over a period of 1 year and the analysis of the prescriptions was done during that period. At end of study only 129 patients could be included for analysis. Results: In this study the maximal change in medicine was with pioglitazone which was discontinued as a 1st change in 6.2% of patients followed by metformin [5.4%], insulin [4.6%], and glipizide [3.8%]. The drug most commonly added as a first change was glipizide [11.6%] followed by metformin [10.0%] and pioglitazone [7.7%]. In order of 2nd change the most common drug discontinued was insulin [4.6%] followed by pioglitazone [3.8%] whereas drug commonly added as second change was insulin [2.3%] followed by glipizide [1.5%] and pioglitazone [1.5%]. In our cross sectional study average onset of 1st change was found to be at 4.38±2.75 months for discontinuation of drug and 3.75±2.42 months in adding the drugs. Conclusions: Due to lack of certain records, it is envisaged that the change of medicine both discontinuation as well as addition was done because of blood glucose control, cost factor [in case of pioglitazone] as well as patient’s compliance.
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Background:In India low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 g), is the strongest determinant of infant morbidity and mortality. Objective:To quantify the effect of maternal anthropometry, education and socio-economic status on birth weight. Materials and Methods:Study Design: Prospective, Observational, Hospital based study.Study Setting: Gram Seva trust Hospital at Gandevi Block of Navsari district.Study Period: Sep 2009.Study Population:105 women who delivered in this hospital.Study Variable: Age of the mother at time of delivery, socio-economic status, education, parity, height and weight of mother, no. of ANC visits, sex of the delivered child.Outcome Variable: Low birth weight (LBW).Statistical analysis: Receiver Operative Characteristic (ROC)curve, chi square test, multivariate logistic regression Results:Low birth weight was found in around 35 % of infants. Bivariate analysis revealed that Maternal age less than 20 years (p= 0.02), education (p= 0.009), socio economic status (p =0.001) was significantly associated with low birth weight. Maternal age <20 years, number of years of education < 7 found to increase risk of LBW. Maternal height, weight, BMI, parity, sex of the child, number of ANC visits and type of family had no statistically significant effect on determining the risk for LBW. However, adjusted Odds ratio was found significant for only BPL status and pre term. Conclusion:Maternal age, Education, Economic states and Pre term were found to be the most important maternal parameters, which influence birth weight and the risk for LBW. However, Multivariate Logistic analysis revealed only BPL status and preterm had effect on LBW.
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Healthy environment for children initiating an alliance for action (WHO) has reported that over 40% of the global burden of disease attributed to environmental risk factors fall on children below 5 years of age, who account for about 10% of the world's population. That is why to look into the new area of concern, this cross sectional study was carried out to explore the influence of domestic environment over the illness of under five children.